Technical Definitions
Angle. Is the difference quoted in degrees between two bearings ; i. e., the angle of a true north bearing and a northeast bearing, is 45 degrees.Base or Base-Line. A carefully and accurately measured line upon which a triangulation depends.
Bearing. Is the direction of any object from the observer,
measured by the number of degrees from the true north (after corrections have been made for the variation of the compass). In every case the angle is always measured from north by east and south, or the same way the hands of a watch revolve.
Bench Mark. A stone placed to mark a level accurately fixed
by instruments.
Contour. A contour is the representation on a map of an
imaginary line running along the surface of the ground at the same height above mean sea level throughout its length.
Datum. Or Datum Level is an assumed level with reference to which heights are measured, or compared. In most cases sea level is used.
Dead Ground. Ground in which the observer could not see the
desired object.
Defile. A portion of the route where troops have to
reduce their frontage in order to pass, e. g., a mountain pass, bridge, an embankment, an archway or gate.
Fall. The drop in elevation of a river during its
course, usually measured in feet per mile; 2 feet per mile fall.
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